The Genoese built a fortress on the site of present day the Principality of Monaco in 1215. The current ruling GRIMALDI family first seized temporary control in 1297, and again in 1331, but were not able to permanently secure their holding until 1419. Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the principality’s mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center.

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Capital: Monaco (Monaco-ville)

Population: 30,500 (July 2013 est.)

Official Language: French

Currency: Euro

Ethnicity/race: French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21%

Religion: Roman Catholic 90% (official), other 10%

*Source: CIA Factbook

3 Interesting Facts:

1. The Principality of Monaco is the second smallest country in the world. The smallest is Vatican City. Monaco’s total area is only 2 square kilometres (1.24 square miles).
2. The Monaco Grand Prix is one of the most famous races in the world. Drivers take to the streets of Monaco, tackling its tight corners, narrow streets and famous tunnel. Ayrton Senna holds the record for the most wins on the track, coming first 6 times.
3. Monaco is famous for its casino in Monte Carlo. However, residents of Monaco are not allowed to gamble or even enter the casino!